Joint movement - terminology and range, axes and planes of movement, levers, measurement of joint movements, goniometry, types of goniometers- bubble and gravity goniometers.

Suspension therapy - definitions of suspension and point of suspension, type of suspension, pulleys and use of pulley in suspension therapy, application of suspension therapy either to increase the joint range or to increase muscle power.

Breathing - Mechanism of breathing (normal), muscles of respiration, changes hi thoracic cage during process of respiration, types of breathing exercise, training programme- diaphragmatic and segmental breathing.

Crutch walking - Types of crutch walking, use of parallel bars in pre - crutch walking stage, balance exercises, phases of walking, gait training, group of muscles responsible during crutch walking.

Progression in crutch walking, measurement of crutches, other walking aids-canes, crutch-walking on even surface, slope, climbing up the stair-case.

Application of resistance to develop endurance and power, progression of exercises, angle of pull, types of muscle work, exercises-free, resisted, assisted- use of gadget apparatus.

Resisted Exercises: Techniques and types of resistance, SET system (Heavy resisted exercises) Oxford Method, Delorme Method, McQueen's Method)

Free Exercises - Classification, technique, and effects of free exercise's- application for shoulder, neck, hip and knee joints, techniques of mobilization for stiff joints.