Subjects during the four-year study of B. Physiotherapy>> Exercise Therapy II & Exercise Physiology :: South Gujarat Medical Education & Research Center :: Surat:: Gujarat

1.	Passive Movements
	Definition, types, technique, effects and uses, CPM unit, comparison of passive movements with active movements, practice of passive movements for all joints of extremities, neck and trunk.
	Stretching
	Definitions related to stretching, types of contra cures and differentiation,.properties of soft tissues affecting elongation, mechanical characteristics of non contractile soft tissues, stress-strain curve, therapeutic methods of stretching - manual and mechanical stretching, cyclic mechanical stretching, indication and aims of stretching, principles of stretching and contra-indications
	Traction
	Types, effects, principles of application for cervical and lumbar spine, traction to soft tissues of joints- gliding movements.

Mobilization

Causes of restriction of range of movements, prevention of restrictions, techniques of mobilization of various joints of limbs, ^assistance to mobilize joints. ROM through functional diagonal, patterns. Joint mobilization manipulations definition, types, joint shapes, types of motion arc stretching, glide stretching, compression, traction, indications, contra-indications and precautions, conditions for special precautions.

3.	Manual muscle testing
	Need of MMT, Fundamental principles, anatomical and physiological bases of muscle testing, oxford scale of muscle gradation, principles of isolation, substitution, stabilization, grading procedure for muscles of arm, leg, neck and truck.

4.	Breathing exercise and Postural drainage
	Breathing mechanisms and postural drainage, normal mechanism of respiratory diseases, control of breathing, pursed lip breathing, postural drainage assistive measures, techniques, indications, and contra-indications.

5.	Posture
	Types, factors influencing posture, regulation of postural reflex mechanism, pelvic tilt, and postural deviations of spine and treatment.

strengthening of muscles

Principles involved to prevent muscle wasting, Rood's techniques, initiating of muscle contraction, progressive strengthening of muscles, (Load assisted and load resisted exercise) use of equipments, re-education of muscles and restoration of limbs, neck, truck and face. Emphasis on hand and foot muscles, quadriceps, glutei, calf, triceps, deltoid and face muscles. Use of manual and mechanical resistance, contra-indications to resisted exercises. Isometric- isokinetic regime.

7.	Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitation
	Introduction, response of neuromuscular mechanism, basic techniques of PNF Patterns of arm, leg, head, neck and trunk (Emphasis on straight patterns). Specific techniques of emphasis. Repeated contraction-slow reversal, contract - relax, hold-relax, rhythmic stabilization. Inhibitory techniques. Kabat-Bobath- Rood's

8.	Hydrotherapy
	Physiological properties of water and hydrodynamics, physiological and therapeutic effects of exercises in warm water, progression of hydro-exercise, theory and application of Badragaz technique, Indications and contra-indications of hydrotherapy.

9.	Relaxation
	Muscle tone, postural tone, general and local relaxation, techniques of relaxation.

10.	Neuromuscular coordination & in coordination
	factors governing coordination, principle of re-education of coordination, Frenkel's exercises and its techniques.

11.	Functional re-education
	mat activities for re-education of hemiplegics, paraplegics and cerebral palsy. Walking re-education in neurological conditions and in orthopedic cases.

12.	Aerobic exercises
	Physiological effects and therapeutic uses of aerobic exercises, fitness testing, stress testing for healthy and convalescent individuals.

13.	Exercise programme
	to test-strength, flexibility, endurance, and skill.

Section - II

1.	Nutrition — Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water; Optimal nutrition for exercise.
2.	Strength, power, endurance, speed, flexibility, agility, skill, aerobic and anaerobic activity.
3.	Energy for physical activity, energy value of food, energy transfer in the body, energy release for food.
4.	Energy transfer in exercise\| Human energy expenditure during rest & physical activities (including walking, jogging, running, swimming)
5.	Measurement of energy expenditure Metabolic consideration — VO2, Lactate threshold, RQ, energy expenditure in terms of Calorimetry
6.	Acute effects of exercise on — Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Metabolic (aerobic & anaerobic), Thermo-regulatory, Buffer (pH), Neuro-musculoskeletal, Endocrine, Immune systems.
7.	Fatigue - causes and management;
8.	Conditioning effects (adaptations) of exercise on — Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Metabolic (aerobic & anaerobic(, Thermo 0regulatory, Buffer (pH), Neuro-Musculo-skeletal (strength, power, endurance, speed, flexibility, agility, skill), Endocrine, Immune systems, Body composition
9.	Measurement of aerobic & anaerobic power and other adaptations (Exercise tolerance test-types-walk test, step test, bicycle ergometry, treadmill test etc; basic parameters; pre-/post-/during-exercise studies) '
10.	Training - aerobic & anaerobic (strength, power, endurance, speed, flexibility, agility, skill)
11.	Exercise at medium & high altitude; Sport diving; Space/micro gravity
12.	Effects of prolonged Bed rest/Immobilization
13.	Exercise prescription for special groups - children, adolescent, female, elderly

South Gujarat Medical Education & Research Center
Ugat - bhestan Road, Near Bhestan Jakatnaka, Morabhagal, Rander Road, Surat. Gujarat (India)

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