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Home >>  Subjects during the four-year study of B. Physiotherapy>> Human Anatomy
 
Note :
Emphasis to be placed on topographical, Skeletal, Neuromuscular and functional aspects of anatomy, Students must take part in dissections to identify various structures.
General Introduction
1. Definitions, terms and Subdivisions.
2. Plan of the human body.
3. System of the body.
4. The unit of structure and function - the cell.
Osteology
1. Terminology: Anatomical position, planes, surface relationship of parts of the body-proximal, distal etc.
1. Bones: Type of bones, formation,' function, growth and repair, structure of long bone, vertebral, column, types of vertebrae, bones of extremities and bony landmarks.
Arthology
1. Classification of joints.
2. Construction of joints.
3. Motions of joints.
3. Articulation - Articular Surfaces, types of joints, motions of upper and lower extremities, trunk & head
Myology
1. Types of muscle tissue.
2. Muscles of upper extremity, lower extremity, trunk, eye, face etc. Origin, Insertion, nerve supply and actions (in detail).
Cardiovascular System
1. Blood, lymph, tissue fluid — characteristics, composition, function.
2. The heart- main arteries, Veins, capillaries.
3. Lymph circulation.
Nervous System
1. Division and function of the nervous system.
2. Nerve tissue - neuron, nerve fiber, synapse, end organs etc.
3. Spinal cord, Brain - their structures, divisions.
4.
Peripheral and cranial nerves and their distribution, special emphasis on nerve supply to voluntary muscles, segmental distribution.
5. Cerebrospinal fluid.
6. Sensory end organs and sensation.
7. Autonomic nervous system - sympathetic, parasympathetic.
Respiratory System
1. Anatomy of respiratory organs - air passages, lungs, bronchial tree etc. Relation with diaphragm and thoracic cage.
Digestive System
1. Anatomy of digestive organs- esophagus, stomach, intestine, rectum etc.
2. The digestive glands.
Urinary System
1. Anatomy of urinary organs- kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder etc. Emphasis on types of bladder in paraplegics.
Endocrine System
1. Glands, secretion, enzymes, hormones.
Reproductive System
1. Outline of reproductive system-male and female reproductive organs.
Special sensory organs and sensations
1. Emphasis on Skin, ear and eyes, less detail on smell and taste.
Histology
1. Cell, tissues of the body epithelium, connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, lymph, muscles and nerves.
General Embryology
1. Ovum, spermatozoa, fertilization, differentiation, development of musculoskeletal system, central nervous system.
Practical Work
Dissection: Dissection of upper and lower extremities, back, anterolateral abdominal wall. Identification and description of all anatomical structures surface marking.
 
   
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